S235JR: Steel Technical Specifications

01S235JR Steel: Introduction and General Characteristics

S235JR steel is a non-alloy structural steel, hot-rolled, compliant with the EN 10025 series, with specific requirements defined in Part 2 for medium-strength weldable grades and general delivery conditions described in Part 1 of the European standard, constituting the technical reference for flat and long products intended for structural steelwork.

The designation follows EN 10027-1: the letter “S” indicates structural use, the number “235” the nominal minimum yield strength in MPa for thicknesses up to 16 mm, while the suffix “JR” indicates the Charpy impact toughness class with a minimum energy of 27 J tested at +20 °C according to EN 10025-2, with general conditions in EN 10025-1.

In the official manufacturer technical datasheets, S235JR is described as a “mild”, easily weldable and bendable steel, with typical tensile strength ranges of 360-510 MPa and a minimum yield strength that decreases slightly as thickness increases, as provided for by the standard. The JR impact toughness guarantee (27 J at +20 °C) is explicitly stated in the delivery specifications for plates and sections according to EN 10025-2, supporting its selection in standard structural applications not exposed to service temperatures below 0 °C.

In the context of production and traceability, the usual metallurgical identification is 1.0038 (S235JR) or 1.0122 (S235JRC) depending on the variant, as per company technical datasheets aligned with European standards. For placing structural products on the market in buildings and works, compliance with the CPR regulation and CE marking procedures is combined with the use of steels compliant with EN 10025, ensuring transparency in declared performance and in production inspections.

1.1Differences: S235JR vs Conventional Steels

Compared to a generic “S235” without a suffix, S235JR steel specifies a toughness requirement - a minimum impact energy of 27 J at +20 °C - as a function of the “JR” suffix defined in EN 10027-1/EN 10025-2, while the “J0” variant requires 27 J at 0 °C and “J2” 27 J at −20 °C, with the same nominal yield strength level but different temperature suitability.

The nominal tensile mechanical properties (for example 360-510 MPa for many thickness ranges) are consistent within the tolerances of EN 10025-2, with a reduction in yield strength as thickness increases, an aspect common to non-alloy structural steels and documented in the delivery datasheets.

Compared to “conventional” low-strength steelwork steels not standardised by the EN 10025 series, S235JR ensures harmonized European requirements on composition, testing and traceability, reducing design and qualification uncertainties relative to products lacking an unambiguous EN specification.

In official catalogues, S235JR is described as easily weldable and workable thanks to its low carbon content and the absence of alloying elements that would increase hardenability, distinguishing it from alloy or micro-alloy steels that require more stringent procedures for welding and heat treatment. From a performance standpoint, the differences between S235JR and S235J0/J2 focus on temperature-dependent impact toughness, relevant for cold environments or those subject to impact, while for temperate environments JR represents the most cost-effective option for the same static requirements.

It remains good practice to avoid automatic “equivalents” with non-EN grades without documentary verification, since composition ranges, testing criteria and impact classes may diverge even at the same declared yield strength.

1.2S235JR Advantages for Industrial Applications

For light and medium structural steelwork applications, S235JR steel offers high weldability and formability at low cost, facilitating cutting, bending and assembly in the workshop without preliminary treatments, as indicated in manufacturer datasheets compliant with EN 10025-2. The wide availability of shapes and sizes in flat and long products according to the European industrial offering enables procurement optimisation and waste reduction in sectors such as civil construction, machinery and general structural steelwork.

The presence of a harmonized regulatory framework (EN 10025-1/-2) supports structural design and conformity verification along the supply chain, reducing technical and administrative risks in tenders and on construction sites. In regulatory terms, the use of S235JR in structural components falls within the CE marking pathways for construction products, with the drafting of the Declaration of Performance (DoP) and factory production control (FPC) systems required by the CPR Regulation and the EN 1090-1 procedures for component manufacturers.

Traceability through EN 10204 inspection certificates (typically 3.1) makes it possible to link test results to the supplied batch, enabling audits, welding qualifications and acceptance inspections according to industrial quality practice. For non-cryogenic environments and predominantly static loads, the JR class represents an effective balance between performance, availability and cost, leaving to the J0/J2 variants those contexts with low-temperature impact requirements.

1.3S235JR Standards and Certifications

The main reference for S235JR steel is EN 10025-2, which defines the technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels, while EN 10025-1 establishes the general conditions applicable to hot-rolled flat and long products.

The grade designation follows EN 10027-1, which governs the symbolic system of codes and numbers for expressing intended use and main properties, including the JR/J0/J2 impact toughness suffixes. For placing construction products on the market, Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 applies, with the obligation of a Declaration of Performance and CE marking, supported by procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance, as indicated by the European Commission.

Manufacturers of structural steel components fall within the scope of EN 1090-1 for certification of factory production control and for the correct application of the CE marking on products placed on the European market. Material traceability and conformity are attested by EN 10204 documents, with the 3.1 certificate reporting test results on the supplied batch and signed by the authorized quality representative independent of production.

The consistent use of these standards and certifications enables full integration of S235JR into quality systems, welding qualifications and technical specifications for structural works, ensuring declared and verifiable performance along the supply chain.

02Chemical Composition of S235JR Steel: Alloying Elements and Standard Specifications

S235JR chemical composition is regulated by EN 10025-2 for non-alloy structural steels, with limits on C, Mn, P, S and accessory contents such as Cu and N, ensuring weldability and constancy of performance for hot-rolled flat and long products. The technical datasheets of manufacturers compliant with the standard typically indicate C ≤ 0.17%, Mn ≤ 1.40%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.035%, Cu ≤ 0.55% and N ≤ 0.012%, values that ensure good S235JR properties in terms of workability and weldability in structural steelwork.

For greater thicknesses, the standard allows an increase in carbon content: several datasheets report C max 0.20% for t > 40 mm, keeping the limits on P and S unchanged according to EN 10025-2.

The steel is supplied as “fully killed” with nitrogen-binding elements, typically total aluminium ≥ 0.020%, as per the practice described in declarations of performance and in structural section catalogues.

For suitability for hot-dip galvanizing, the EN 10025-2:2019 standard (Option 5) refers to the classification in EN ISO 14713-2, Table 1, which defines three categories based on chemical composition (Si, P):

• Category A: Si ≤ 0.030% and Si + 2.5P ≤ 0.090% (Standard reactivity).
• Category B: 0.14% ≤ Si ≤ 0.25% (P ≤ 0.035%) (Controlled reactivity).
• Category D: 0.25% < Si ≤ 0.35% (High reactivity - thicker zinc coatings).

The order must clearly specify the required Category to ensure the quality and thickness of the coating.

Table - S235JR chemical composition (Typical maximum values compliant with EN 10025-2 datasheets)

Note: some datasheets report C max 0.20% for thicknesses > 40 mm, with the remaining composition unchanged within EN 10025-2, an aspect to be verified in the EN 10204 3.1 batch certificate for the specific lot.

The combination of low C and limited S/P supports the S235JR characteristics of weldability and cold formability, with control of hardenability and behaviour under galvanizing as per the classifications above.

2.1S235JR International Equivalents

In the European system, S235JR corresponds to material number 1.0038 and matches the historical designations Fe360B/RSt37-2, as reported in authoritative technical datasheets and industrial references, maintaining consistency with the S235JR chemical composition and with the “JR” impact toughness requirement of 27 J at +20 °C.

The “similar” designations listed for practical use include SS 1312 and Fe 360 BFN, to be understood as historical and commercial correspondence references, not as binding normative equivalents under EN 10025. In market literature, functional correspondences to non-EN standards are often proposed (e.g. ASTM A36, GB Q235, JIS SS400), useful for procurement pre-screening but not a substitute for the verification of test documents and project-specific performance.

In the context of qualifications and technical specifications, it is advisable to treat cross-standard “equivalents” as comparisons of performance range (yield strength, tensile strength, impact toughness) and not as normative identity, requiring a detailed comparison of chemical analysis, impact class and delivery conditions. For applications subject to CE marking and DoP, conformity must remain referenced to EN 10025-2 and to the correct identification of the S235JR grade, regardless of commercial analogies with non-EU grades.

03Mechanical Characteristics of S235JR Steel: Properties and Structural Performance

For S235JR steel, EN 10025-2 defines the mechanical requirements as a function of thickness and delivery condition, with a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa for t ≤ 16 mm and typical tensile strength of 360-510 MPa, to which is added the minimum impact toughness of 27 J at +20 °C characteristic of the JR designation. Compliant technical datasheets report the progressive reduction of yield strength as thickness increases and the reference minimum elongations for longitudinal and transverse specimens, consistent with the ranges indicated by the standard.

The usual delivery conditions for S235JR are +AR (as-rolled) and +N (normalised/normalising rolling), which must be expressly indicated in the order and marking as they affect the testing and qualification of the material. The combination of low carbon content and JR class provides good “S235JR characteristics” for general structural steelwork with proper “S235JR weldability” and adequate toughness at room temperature.

3.1S235JR Mechanical Properties in the “Annealed” Condition

EN 10025-2 does not provide for a “full annealed” condition for S235JR, but rather +AR, +N and +M conditions, which must be included in the order and delivery designation. In practice, for the base +AR condition the compliant datasheet typically reports ReH ≥ 235 MPa for t ≤ 16 mm, ReH ≥ 225 MPa for 16 < t ≤ 40 mm, Rm 360-510 MPa and A5/A80 as per the thickness and test direction table. In the +N condition the mechanical requirements remain those of EN 10025-2, with explicit indication of the delivery condition in the EN 10204 certificate and in the product labelling.

Normalising +N tends to make toughness and impact response more uniform compared to +AR, an aspect to be verified through cast/batch testing and project specifications.

Table - S235JR mechanical properties (compliant extracts)

• ReH t ≤ 16 mm: ≥ 235 MPa
• ReH 16 < t ≤ 40 mm: ≥ 225 MPa
• Rm (wide range for many thicknesses): 360-510 MPa
• KV +20 °C (JR): ≥ 27 J

3.2S235JR Mechanical Strength in the Quenched and Tempered Condition

Steels supplied in the quenched and tempered condition (hardening + tempering) are covered in the EN 10025-6 part relating to high yield strength grades in the Q+T condition, while S235JR falls under EN 10025-2 for non-alloy structural steels and is not provided for in quenched and tempered delivery.

Therefore there are no “grade” requirements for quenched and tempered S235JR in EN 10025-2, and any special thermal cycle must be subject to agreement and qualified through batch testing according to the testing and certifications section of the same standard. For projects requiring the properties of a quenched and tempered steel, refer to the selection of grades compliant with EN 10025-6 or dedicated technical specifications, avoiding non-normative assimilations.

3.3S235JR Hardness After Heat Treatment

EN 10025-2 does not prescribe an “S235JR hardness” requirement at grade level, since conformity is verified through tensile and impact testing, not through mandatory HB/HV values. Any hardness values reported by manufacturers are typical/indicative values and must be read together with the delivery condition and the mechanical properties certified in EN 10204, not constituting in themselves a normative requirement of the grade.

For acceptance inspections or correlations with “S235JR workability” and wear, it is necessary to refer to the 3.1 certificates and, if applicable, to request additional tests agreed at the order stage according to the options of the standard.

3.4S235JR Impact Strength and Toughness

The JR designation implies a minimum impact toughness of 27 J at +20 °C on a longitudinal Charpy V specimen, a requirement reported both by EN 10025-2 and by the delivery technical datasheets of the S235JR grade. Minimum impact values vary with the J0/J2 class for temperatures of 0/−20 °C, but for “S235JR properties” the JR class is qualified specifically at +20 °C.

The +N delivery can improve microstructure homogeneity with favourable effects on the stability of toughness in service, but verification remains experimental and batch-specific.

3.5S235JR Fatigue and Dynamic Behaviour

Fatigue verification in steel structures is governed by Eurocode 3 - EN 1993-1-9, which adopts detail categories and S-N curves independent of yield strength alone for ordinary structural grades, including S235JR within the code's scope of validity.

Fatigue strength is therefore governed by the construction detail, by the quality of joints and finishes and by the correction factors provided in the code's tables, rather than by switching from S235JR to other grades in the same family. In the presence of dynamic and cyclic actions, the design must apply the relevant detail categories, the partial factors γMf and any thickness effects according to the paragraphs and tables of EN 1993-1-9.

04Physical Characteristics of S235JR Steel: Thermal and Structural Properties

The typical physical properties of S235JR steel for calculation and design include a density of about 7.8-7.85 g/cm³, elastic modulus E ≈ 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio ν ≈ 0.3 and shear modulus G ≈ 80 GPa, as reported in official manufacturer technical datasheets for S235JR compliant with EN 10025-2. The same datasheets include thermal coefficients such as the mean linear expansion in the 20-300 °C range and specific heat in the vicinity of 50-100 °C, values commonly used for predicting thermal effects in fabrication and service. Complementary data on thermal conductivity (about 50-52 W/(m·K) at room temperature) and specific heat capacity (about 0.47-0.50 kJ/(kg·K)) are reported in supply technical datasheets referring to S235JR/1.0038, useful for energy estimates in welding and surface treatments.

In the absence of binding requirements in EN 10025-2:2019 for physical quantities, in design it is recommended to maintain consistency between the values assumed in the models and those certified/indicated by the supplier for the specific lot, in particular for thermo-structural analyses.

Main structural properties

• Young's modulus E≈210 GPa, a typical value used in the elastic sizing of components and joints in S235JR steel according to production practice and applied technical literature.
• Poisson's ratio ν ≈ 0.3 and shear modulus G≈80 GPa, parameters consistent with hot-rolled non-alloy structural steels, useful for shear and torsion analyses.
• Density 7800/7850 kg/m³, a reference for evaluating self-weights, inertias and transport in structural steelwork with compliant S235JR properties.

Reference thermal properties

• Mean coefficient of linear expansion in the 20-300 °C range: a quantity needed to control clearances, tolerances and shrinkage effects in S235JR workability.
• Thermal conductivity at 20-25 °C: useful for assessing local thermal cycles in welding and thermal cutting, with S235JR heat treatment not specified as a grade requirement.
• Specific heat around 20-100 °C: a parameter for energy balances and thermo-mechanical simulations.

Application notes and tolerances

Variability with temperature and microstructure means that the “typical” values of S235JR characteristics must be confirmed for the actual supply, especially when performing thermo-structural analyses or processes with strong thermal gradients, verifying, where necessary, the consistency between design and batch EN 10204 certification.

For components subject to repeated heating or hot-dip galvanizing, the choice of the galvanizing composition class indicated by manufacturers must be coordinated with the thermal parameters above, in order to mitigate distortion and residual stresses in structural S235JR applications.

05Heat Treatments of S235JR Steel: Processes and Optimal Parameters

For S235JR steel, the EN 10025-2:2019 standard governs supply in the +AR (as-rolled), +N (normalised/normalising rolling) and +M conditions, while it does not specify grade requirements in the quenched and tempered condition, which is why the “S235JR heat treatment” is to be understood primarily as normalising or stress relieving and not as a hardening and tempering cycle prescribed by the standard.

Compliant technical datasheets also indicate that the material is not intended for hardening to achieve high hardness values, although it can undergo normalising or stress relieving for microstructural uniformity requirements or to reduce residual stresses, with clear marking of the delivery condition and the corresponding EN 10204 certificate.

In the context of “S235JR workability” and “S235JR weldability”, thermal management must favour cycles that maintain the low hardenability typical of the “S235JR chemical composition”, limiting the risk of embrittlement and undesired variations in toughness.

5.1S235JR Hardening: Temperatures and Techniques

Official sources neither require nor qualify hardening as a delivery condition for S235JR, and state that the grade is not intended for hardening treatments, favouring instead normalising and stress relieving as permitted, certificate-traceable practices.

Some manufacturer datasheets, for application purposes, report indicative austenitising parameters around 920 °C with water quenching, specifying that such cycles do not fall within the requirements of EN 10025-2:2019 and must therefore be considered only subject to a technical agreement and experimental batch verification. Where high “S235JR hardness” requirements exist, the correct technical choice is generally the selection of a grade suitable for quenching and tempering (EN 10025-6) rather than imposing hardening cycles on S235JR, so as to avoid performance not guaranteed by the grade specification.

5.2S235JR Tempering: Optimal Parameters

When hardening is performed on S235JR components for requirements not covered by the standard, manufacturers indicate typical tempering ranges of 540-665 °C in air, with the operating rule of post-weld stress relieving at approximately 50 °C below the adopted tempering temperature, always followed by verification through mechanical testing of the batch.

Such conditions are to be considered “outside the standard” with respect to EN 10025-2:2019 and require clear identification of the treatment condition on the EN 10204 certificate, with targeted testing of impact toughness, tensile properties and, if agreed, hardness, to ensure the “S235JR characteristics” required by the design.

In toughness-sensitive applications, adequate tempering after severe heating/cooling cycles can mitigate stress gradients and property scatter in the heat-affected zone, while remaining no substitute for the grade requirements.

5.3S235JR Normalising: Conditions and Applications

Normalising is the “S235JR heat treatment” that is technically most consistent with the standard, being associated with the +N delivery condition specified by EN 10025-2:2019 and explicitly reported in the order designations and product marking.

Technical datasheets indicate typical normalising temperatures around 920 °C with air cooling, aimed at homogenising the microstructure and stabilising the “S235JR properties” ahead of machining or service, including possible straightening requirements or subsequent thermal cycles. For products delivered in +N, the admissibility of hot forming and/or further normalising is declared, provided it is documented and compliant with the batch specifications supplied with a 3.1 certificate according to EN 10204.

5.4S235JR Heat Treatment Quality Control

Quality control must be anchored to the requirements of EN 10025-2:2019 for tensile and impact tests of the JR class (27 J at +20 °C) and aligned with the additional testing options provided by the standard, recording in the EN 10204 3.1 certificates the treatment condition and the test results of the supplied batch.

The documentary review covers the consistency of the delivery condition (+AR, +N, +M) with the “S235JR applications” and with the contractual specification performance, including any request for retesting after heat treatment to confirm the final “S235JR properties”.

For critical components, it may be useful to add metallographic and “S235JR hardness” testing as correlation tests, even though hardness is not a mandatory grade requirement in EN 10025-2, when agreed as an additional test.

5.5S235JR Heat Treatment Common Defects and Solutions

In thermal processing and welding of S235JR, the most typical risk is not excessive hardenability but hydrogen cold cracking in thick joints or those with high hydrogen input, managed through preheating calculated with the methods of EN 1011-2 based on the carbon equivalent (CEV/CET).

Industrial guidelines implementing EN 1011-2 propose calculating preheating as a function of CEV/CET, combined thickness, heat input and diffusible hydrogen of the consumable, providing curves or tables to set safe preheat and interpass temperatures in “S235JR weldability”.

The low carbon and alloying content of the “S235JR chemical composition” results in a low CEV and therefore generally moderate preheating, but the final definition must follow EN 1011-2 with the actual joint, consumable and real thickness parameters, recording the values in the welding plan and fabrication reports.

06Industrial Applications of S235JR Steel: Sectors and Strategic Uses

S235JR steel is a non-alloy structural steel for welded and cold-formed steelwork, used in flat and long products for load-bearing components subject to moderate static loads, with good weldability and formability.

Technical datasheets and reference standards confirm its use in general metal construction, with wide industrial availability and JR-class impact toughness (27 J at +20 °C) suitable for service in temperate environments. The possibility of hot-dip galvanizing according to the composition classes indicated for S235JR facilitates the anti-corrosion protection of exposed structures and steelwork.

6.1S235JR Automotive Applications

In the traditional automotive sector, S235JR is used in secondary structural components and non-critical auxiliary frames where weldability and low cost are required, in line with the “welded constructions” intended use and with the nature of a low-hardenability EN 10025-2:2019 structural steel. For transport systems and light vehicle fit-outs, it is used in brackets, supports and body frames not subject to high-strength requirements, with optional hot-dip galvanizing according to the suitability classification reported for S235JR.

Where low-temperature toughness or higher yield strength requirements exist, J0/J2 variants or higher grades of the same EN 10025-2 family are typically used, avoiding non-standardised equivalents.

6.2S235JR Machine Tool Sector

In machinery and plant, S235JR is used for bases, frames, casings and welded support structures where flatness, ease of cutting/bending and cost containment are needed, without the need for quenching and tempering treatments that are not specified by the grade.

Availability in hot-rolled plates and sections, with good dimensional tolerances, facilitates the standardisation of frames and machine beds through welding and normalising rolling (+N) when required. Compatibility with hot-dip galvanizing or industrial painting supports its use in production environments with moderate exposure, subject to composition-coating coordination.

6.3S235JR Mechanical Engineering and Construction

S235JR is widely used in structural steelwork for buildings, industrial sheds, stairs, walkways and auxiliary structures thanks to its weldability and the availability of formats in flat and long products compliant with EN 10025-2. Its classification as a structural steel and the standardised mechanical requirements (ReH ≥ 235 MPa for t ≤ 16 mm; KV 27 J at +20 °C) make it a reference material for elements with predominantly static loads in a temperate climate.

For construction components subject to CE marking, the conformity routes under the CPR Regulation and EN 1090-1 practice apply, following the selection of a material compliant with EN 10025-2.

6.4S235JR Specialist Sectors

For structures intended for hot-dip galvanizing, S235JR offers variants with composition classes for coating predictability, useful in light infrastructure, external stairs and railings. In the field of industrial services and light plant engineering, its suitability for welded constructions allows its use in frames, trestles, supports and service steelwork, with quality control via EN 10204 3.1 certificates. Where higher performance levels or low-temperature toughness are required, S275/S355 grades and/or J0/J2 classes are preferred according to the same body of standards.

6.5Performance Comparison vs Other Steels

The table compares typical standard requirements between S235JR and adjacent grades of the same family to highlight application areas and design margins, with data compliant with EN 10025-2:2019 and manufacturer datasheets.

The choice between S235JR, S275JR and S355JR is driven by yield strength, toughness and mass requirements, to be balanced with “S235JR weldability” and the joint details that dominate fatigue strength according to the Eurocodes, as well as with industrial availability and the intended protective cycles. For galvanizing and protection, the suitability classification of the S235JR variants supports finishing decisions consistent with the “S235JR chemical composition”.

07Frequently Asked Questions about S235JR Steel: Technical Answers for Professionals

Below is a selection of practical FAQs on S235JR, with references to EN standards and compliant technical datasheets for use in design, procurement and quality control.

7.1What does the “JR” suffix in S235JR mean?

The JR suffix indicates that the steel has a minimum impact toughness of 27 J at +20 °C on a Charpy V specimen according to the EN 10027-1 designation and the requirements of EN 10025-2:2019 for non-alloy structural steels.

7.2What is the difference between S235, S235JR, S235J0 and S235J2?

They all share the same nominal minimum yield strength of 235 MPa for small thicknesses, but JR/J0/J2 differ in the temperature at which the impact energy is guaranteed: 27 J at +20 °C (JR), 27 J at 0 °C (J0), 27 J at −20 °C (J2) according to EN 10027-1 and EN 10025-2 tables.

7.3What are the typical minimum mechanical requirements of the grade?

For many flat/long formats, ReH ≥ 235 MPa for t ≤ 16 mm, tensile strength of approximately 360-510 MPa and impact toughness of 27 J at +20 °C apply, as per EN 10025-2:2019 and compliant datasheets of the S235JR grade.

7.4What is the indicative maximum chemical composition for S235JR?

Compliant technical datasheets report typical limits of C ≤ 0.17%, Mn ≤ 1.40%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.035%, Cu ≤ 0.55% and N ≤ 0.012%, consistent with the non-alloy structural steel profile of EN 10025-2.

7.5Is S235JR weldable and what are the references for qualification?

The low carbon content and its classification under EN 10025-2:2019 make it suitable for welded constructions; the batch documentation must include an EN 10204 certificate (typically 3.1) and, where necessary, verification of the carbon equivalent for procedures according to EN 1011-2 practice reported in the technical guides.

7.6Is it suitable for hot-dip galvanizing?

The S235JR datasheets classify suitability based on silicon (galvanizing classes) in order to predict coating thickness and appearance, offering ranges for Si and P to support protective treatments.

7.7Which delivery conditions are provided for and how do they affect the properties?

The permitted conditions are +AR (as-rolled), +N (normalised/normalising rolling) and +M according to EN 10025-2; the condition must be reported in the designation and affects the microstructural homogeneity and the impact response.

7.8Which documents and markings are required for structural uses in works?

For structural components placed on the EU market, the CE marking routes under EN 1090-1 apply, with FPC certified by a Notified Body, in addition to the material certificates according to EN 10204 that ensure traceability of tests and conformity.

7.9Is S235JR suitable for fatigue verifications according to the Eurocodes?

Fatigue strength is addressed by EN 1993-1-9 through detail categories and S-N curves, in which the S235JR grade is classified as a structural steel; fatigue performance depends above all on the construction detail and the quality of the joint.

7.10Is hardness governed by grade requirements or only indicative?

EN 10025-2:2019 does not set an “S235JR hardness” value as a binding grade requirement, since conformity is based on tensile and impact testing; any HB/HV values found in datasheets are informative and must be read together with the delivery condition and the 3.1 tests.

08Siderticino's Offering for S235JR Steel: Specialist Solutions

Siderticino offers S235JR in a portfolio targeted at structural steelwork and light mechanical engineering, compliant with EN 10025-2:2019 for non-alloy structural steels and with documentary traceability in accordance with EN 10204. The range comprises cold-drawn semi-finished products and, where indicated, hot-rolled products, with a focus on the weldability and workability typical of the grade in general applications.

Reference standards and designation

All S235JR products are governed by EN 10025-2:2019 for the technical delivery conditions, while the JR designation derives from the EN 10027-1 system with a requirement of 27 J at +20 °C in the Charpy V-notch test. Correctly stating the delivery condition (+AR/+N/+M where applicable) and the impact toughness class in the order documentation is an essential part of grade conformity.